[158][159][160], Corporal punishment is legal in Singapore schools, for male students only (it is illegal to inflict it on female students) and fully encouraged by the government in order to maintain discipline. Mass punishments in front of the class are common, and the large number of corporal punishment scenes in films suggest that caning is an accepted cultural norm in education. The beneficiary would emerge sore and stinging, but with suddenly a lot more free time. [44], In Australia, caning used to be common in schools for both boys and girls but has been effectively banned since the late 80's, with the practice gradually abandoned up to a decade earlier as cultural and social norms shifted. Corporal punishment was banned in Soviet (and hence, Ukrainian) schools in 1917. Copyright C. Farrell 2008-2021 Also, some schools, even new-built comprehensive ones, introduced a system of "students' courts" at which a recommendation for CP might be one of the "sentencing" options available, but this was subject to confirmation by the teachers in charge, and it would be a member of staff who delivered the actual punishment. But anti-CP campaigners used to complain that aggrieved parents rarely got a fair hearing in the courts. They include the American Medical Association,[26] the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,[11] the AAP,[7][27][28] the Society for Adolescent Medicine,[8][29] the American Psychological Association,[30] the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health,[31][32] the Royal College of Psychiatrists,[33] the Canadian Paediatric Society[34] and the Australian Psychological Society,[35] as well as the United States' National Association of Secondary School Principals. WebCorporal punishment was banned in private schools in England in 1999. Other international human-rights bodies supporting prohibition of corporal punishment of children in all settings, including schools, include the European Committee of Social Rights and the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. No source is cited for this claim. About half of all LEAs said that only women teachers could punish girls, but only two, Inner London and Oxfordshire, also laid down that only men could cane boys. He takes the view, which I tend to share, that corporal punishment, in the great scheme of things, is not actually a very important issue one way or the other. In most of continental Europe, school corporal punishment has been banned for several decades or longer, depending on the country (see the list of countries below). Because Scotland has its own distinct education system with different traditions, there is a separate article about CP in Scottish schools. [126], The Education Act of 2008 prohibits all corporal punishment in schools. [198][199], Sometimes, a long ruler was used on the bare legs or hands instead of a cane. [36], According to the AAP, research shows that corporal punishment is less effective than other methods of behaviour management in schools, and "praise, discussions regarding values, and positive role models do more to develop character, respect, and values than does corporal punishment". The National Policy for Children 2013 states that in education, the state shall "ensure no child is subjected to any physical punishment or mental harassment" and "promote positive engagement to impart discipline so as to provide children with a good learning experience". [171][184][185][186][187], In Uganda, it is common practice for teachers to attempt to control large, overcrowded classes by corporal punishment. Corporal punishment in Norwegian schools was strongly restricted in 1889, and was banned outright in 1936. This right includes a non-violent education and upbringing Consequently, all forms of physical and humiliating punishment are prohibited". In the UK, this is a state high school for boys aged 11 and over. As of 2019, 32 states and the District of Columbia have banned corporal punishment in public schools, though in some of these there is no explicit prohibition. [19] Communists in other countries such as Britain took the lead in campaigning against school corporal punishment, which they viewed as a symptom of the decadence of capitalist education systems. [147] In 2013, the Pakistan National Assembly unanimously passed a bill that would override article 89 and ban all corporal punishment; however the bill did not pass in the senate. A few schools made the slipper their "official" implement, administered it formally in the office, entered the slipperings in the punishment book, and did not use the cane at all. [161] Only a light rattan cane may be used. There is some movement of changing negative disciplining methods to positive ones (non-corporal), such as teaching students how to improve when they perform badly via verbal positive reinforcement.[188]. Many NUT members in the union's mainstream, and certainly the great majority of members of all the other teaching unions, were not at all in favour of abolition. [8], Advocates of school corporal punishment[who?] R v Secretary of State for Education and Employment and Others ex parte Williamson and Others Article 17 states: "(1) No child shall be subjected to physical punishment or mental harassment. [13], Britain itself outlawed the practice in 1987 for state schools[14][15][16] and more recently, in 1998, for all private schools.[17][18]. Article 34 of the Law on Education 2012 states that students have the right to "(9) respect for human dignity, protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury personality, the protection of life and health"; article 43(3) states that "discipline in educational activities is provided on the basis of respect for human dignity of students and teachers" and "application of physical and mental violence to students is not allowed. The ILEA had already put a stop to CP in primary schools with effect from 1973. With the troubles with some pupils at some schools that you hear about on the News, the In Manchester it seems to have been left up to individual schools, with a culprit at boys-only establishments such as St Augustines RC being asked to bend over a chair to be strapped, while his opposite number at one of the city's mainstream co-ed schools would often have to hold out his hands, following the Newcastle/Scotland model. [7] The doctrine has its origins in an English common-law precedent of 1770. In Serbia, corporal punishment in schools is now unlawful under the Law on Secondary Schools 1992, the Law on Elementary Schools 1992 and the Law on the Foundations of Education and Upbringing 2003/2009. Although there was usually less ceremony about it than the cane, the slipper, if wielded sufficiently enthusiastically, could deliver a salutary lesson. The 100+ local education authorities (LEAs) in England and Wales -- created in 1902 to replace the old local school boards -- formulated their own rules, or in some cases decided not to have any rules. [127], Caning is commonly used by teachers as a punishment in schools. The dissenting judges argued that the ritualised nature of the punishment, given after several days and without parental consent, should qualify it as "degrading punishment".[218]. Joe The King: 1999 Joe is spanked on his bare bum over his teachers lap in front of his class. WebExtraordinary records reveal how corporal punishment was meted out in our schools Headmaster only permitted to use a 'thin flexible cane' Youngsters were given smacks There is no federal law addressing corporal punishment in public or private schools. According to the Committee on the Rights of the Child, "Children do not lose their human rights by virtue of passing through the school gates the use of corporal punishment does not respect the inherent dignity of the child nor the strict limits on school discipline". Stephen Fry on Corporal Punishment However, these powers were subject to any regulations made by the local education authority. [118] As recently as December 2012, a high school student died by suicide after having been constantly beaten by his basketball coach. Others, though, including probably most politicians and "experts", will still defend abolition as the right decision on balance, or at least as inevitable under European human-rights legislation. Some restricted the number of staff permitted to inflict CP, e.g. Its use was particularly prevalent in the gym in the hands of physical education or "PE" teachers. Several more Labour-controlled LEAs followed suit in the early 1980s. By the early 1900s, most schools had abandoned corporal (1) Department of Education, Administrative Memorandum 531, 1956 (but this was only a codification of a requirement laid down much earlier). Corporal punishment WebCorporal punishment was common in schools for thousands of years as a punishment for bad behaviour. The National Union of Teachers said that it "could not support the views expressed by those in favour of hitting children".[219][220]. Education Act 1996, section 548 But it has now become "so culturally loaded as to be almost impossible to inspect", with all the talk of "abuse" causing "hysteria, madness and stupidity in almost everybody". They assumed a right of chastisement was a defense of justification against the accusation of "causing bodily harm" per Paragraph (=Section) 223 Strafgesetzbuch (Federal Penal Code). Text of England and Wales law banning corporal punishment in all schools So too is this 1945 case in which a bare-bottom slippering at a prep school was held not to be excessive or unreasonable. The number of strikes must not be more than four for each occurrence. R (Williamson) v Secretary of State for Education and Employment (2005) was an unsuccessful challenge to the prohibition of corporal punishment contained in the Education Act 1996, by several headmasters of private Christian schools who argued that it was a breach of their religious freedom. Despite the fact that the tradition had been forgone for nearly 30 years, legislation banning the practice entirely by law was not implemented until 2004. Slippering and caning were used to some degree, but the cane here was more likely to be applied, if at all, to the palm of the hand than elsewhere, and would tend to be a shorter and lighter instrument than the 36-inch cane often used at secondary level. In addition, the obligation of member states to prohibit corporal punishment in schools and elsewhere was affirmed in the 2009 Cairo Declaration on the Convention on the Rights of the Child and Islamic Jurisprudence. Probably the most frequently used aid to punishment was a chair. Among the majority of mainstream state secondary schools, caning (usually across the seat of a bending student's trousers) had been particularly prevalent in boys-only schools of all types, from mediaeval grammar schools(5) to brand-new secondaries modern. A 'reasonable chastisement' defence will still be available to parents but they could be charged with common assault if a smack causes bruises, grazes, scratches, minor swellings or cuts. Legality of corporal punishment of minors in Europe. The use of corporal punishment in schools was prohibited by the South African Schools Act, 1996. (See list of countries, below.). WebIn the UK, corporal punishment in state-funded schools has been outlawed since 1986. In these schools the punishment might be applied either to hands (especially in the case of girls) or to behinds, often depending on the whim of the teacher. Children are better able to make decisions about their behavior, exercise self-control, and be accountable for their actions when they understand the penalty they face for misbehaving is comparable to their actions. Other now independent countries which belonged to Yugoslavia then and to which the 1929 Law applied are: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Kosovo, and Slovenia. removal from a class or group. [130][131], All corporal punishment, both in school and in the home, has been banned since 2018. One also hears of rulers having been rapped across knuckles, but I am not sure if this was common. A left-wing back-bench move in Parliament to ban CP at national level failed by 181 votes to 120 in 1976. was the traditional command to a pupil about to receive posterial discipline, but there was no consensus across different schools as to how this should be done. (2) Under Section 23 of the Education Act 1944. "Pants-down" punishment, not unknown in some private schools, was almost unheard of in the state sector in relatively modern times, especially from the 1960s onwards. There had been disputes about CP since the early days of universal state education. The case for indignation on the part of the boy seems somewhat undermined by the evidence that he "subsequently showed off the marks of his punishment to other boys with pride". [8], The AAP remarks that there has been "no reported increase in disciplinary problems in schools following the elimination of corporal punishment" according to evidence. This important document is the full Law Lords ruling in the case brought by a group of Christian schools against the 1998 legislative ban on corporal punishment in all schools, even private ones. In particular, evidence does not suggest that it enhances moral character development, increases students' respect for teachers or other authority figures, or offers greater security for teachers. [Source Global Initiative to End All Corporate Punishment of Children]. Other kinds of punishment were more damaging, he suggests. Although it is legally permitted for boys only, in practice the illegal caning of girls is not unknown. 447 (2002); Deana A. Pollard, Banning Child Corporal Punishment, 77 Tul. According to section 10 of the act: (1) No person may administer corporal punishment at a school to a learner. Her approach is an extreme "children's rights" one - she clearly holds that it is quite immaterial what the teachers and parents might think, and that the child's supposed "right" not to be spanked overrides anything his parents say. In some countries, almost all students report being physically School: 1999 In this long-running series, the use of corporal punishment in South Korean schools is shown. Committee on the Rights of the Child (2001). It is easier to list the few maverick oddities than to try to summarise the majority: thus, the tawse was specified instead of the cane in a handful of places, including Newcastle, Gateshead, Manchester (which changed over from the cane in 1907), and Walsall. [222] Students can be physically punished from kindergarten to the end of high school, meaning that even legal adults who have reached the age of majority are sometimes spanked by school officials. An outlier in this regard was Royal Grammar School in High Wycombe, where big boys were empowered to formally slipper smaller ones until as recently as 1965. The new Sex Discrimination Act generated a certain amount of nonsense in the tabloid press in early 1976, with speculation that girls would thenceforth have to be caned as much as boys. [23][89], Colombian private and public schools were banned from using "penalties involving physical or psychological abuse" through the Children and Adolescents Code 2006, though it is not clear whether this also applies to indigenous communities. to the head teacher and those specifically delegated by him or her. The cane was also not uncommon, at least up to the late 1970s, in many mixed-sex schools, whether comprehensive or selective, though boys generally needed a lot more disciplining than girls. [86] The practice itself had largely been abandoned in the 1970s when parents placed greater scrutiny on the treatment of children at school. In schools it may involve striking the student on the buttocks or on the palms of their hands[1][2] with an implement such as a rattan cane, wooden paddle, slipper, leather strap or wooden yardstick. development and not resorting to corporal punishment, and the role of national bodies in implementing the RTE Act, stating: "This advisory should be used by the State Governments/UT Administrations to ensure that appropriate State/school level guidelines on prevention of corporate punishment and appropriate redressal of any complaints, are framed, disseminated, acted upon and monitored. Such punishment continues to be used,[227] and there are frequent media reports of excessive corporal punishment in schools. Privately funded schools came a little bit later: 1998 in England and Wales, 2000 in 14229/88 It suggests that over a long period the idea that schoolteachers are to be regarded as in effect "substitute parents", and therefore should have the same disciplinary powers in law as parents, became gradually more and more questioned by the public, at least as far as ordinary day schools are concerned (the concept has always seemed to make more sense in relation to boarding schools). (2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) is guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a sentence which could be imposed for assault.[165]. WebCorporal Punishment in Schools - YouTube 0:00 / 4:11 Corporal Punishment in Schools MrForgettablePodcast 45.2K subscribers Subscribe 1.1K 486K views 7 years ago Please See news report of 14 November 1992, Public schoolboy awarded 8,000 for caning ordeal, which includes a picture of Matthew, by then aged 25. See likewise Children sent to Caribbean for 'basic' schooling, a news report from July 1996, and UK Ugandans rush kids to Kampala schools, from May 1998. A similar justification exists in Chinese-speaking countries. "I'd pull their tracksuits down and cane their bare bottoms until their cheeks burned red and they wept with pain and shame", she wrote in the influential Daily Mail. Application No. It was not completely abolished everywhere a letter home. As enacted, the law had a loophole: parents, provided they were not school staff, could still discipline their children on school grounds. [124] In November 2007, in response to a perceived increase in indiscipline among female students, the National Seminar on Education Regulations (Student Discipline) passed a resolution recommending allowing the caning of girls at school. European Court of Human Rights, Strasbourg, 25 March 1993", "The States Where Teachers Can Still Spank Students", "Prohibition of all corporal punishment in Venezuela (2007)", "Promoting positive discipline in school", VIET NAM BRIEFING FOR THE HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL UNIVERSAL PERIODIC REVIEW HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL UNIVERSAL PERIODIC REVIEW 5th session, 2008, "Hanoi in shock after teacher beats primary school students for being late - VnExpress International", "SCHOOL CORPORAL PUNISHMENT: video clips: Vietnam - caning of schoolgirls", "SCHOOL CORPORAL PUNISHMENT: video clips: Vietnam - caning of secondary boys and girls", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=School_corporal_punishment&oldid=1136396437, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, CS1 Chinese (Malaysia)-language sources (zh-my), Articles with dead external links from July 2021, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2009, Articles lacking reliable references from March 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions, This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 03:29. The article makes no mention of caning. Anecdotal evidence suggests that boys tended to be caned harder than girls. [171], Spain banned school corporal punishment in 1985 under article 6 of the Right to Education (Organization) Act 8/1985. [134][135][136][137][138] This was abolished in practice in 1987. A REPORT AFTER THE INNER LONDON EDUCATION AUTHORITY'S BAN OF CORPORAL PUNISHMENT IN ITS SECONDARY SCHOOLS. They suggest that student self-governance can be an effective alternative for managing disruptive classroom behaviour, while stressing the importance of adequate training and support for teachers. Much more often, though, in the rare instances where corporal punishment cases reached the stage of prosecution, heads and teachers were vindicated by the courts, which generally upheld the punishment as "reasonable" and therefore lawful. The term corporal punishment derives from the Latin word for the "body", corpus. Most of the boys were from local working class families, but the school had a good reputation and they studied hard. No LEA banned corporal punishment altogether until 1979/80, when three Labour-controlled outer London boroughs took the abolitionist plunge, followed more famously in 1981 by the huge, Labour-controlled Inner London Education Authority (ILEA), which covered 12 London boroughs, a population of nearly 3 million, and getting on for 1,000 schools. It sanctions the notion that it is meritorious to be violent toward our children, thereby devaluing them in society's eyes. [123][124][125] There have been reports of students being caned in front of the class/school for lateness, poor grades, being unable to answer questions correctly or forgetting to bring a textbook. And as recently as 2012 the co-founder and chairman of the governors of the most high-profile of the then brand-new so-called "Free Schools" said he would happily restore CP if it were allowed. One education committee, Romford (then in Essex but now part of Greater London), unusually banned public CP in 1961 after six girls were caned in front of 600 schoolmates. To me, this decision seems perverse. Some (Barnet, Brent, Clwyd, Derbyshire, Mid-Glamorgan, Oxfordshire) forbade the caning of girls other than on their hands while explicitly stating that boys could be disciplined either on the hands or on the clothed buttocks. [155], Corporal punishment of children remains legal in schools, homes, alternative care and day-care centres. [90][bettersourceneeded], All corporal punishment, both in school and in the home, has been banned since 2008. [190][191] Any teacher who engages in the practice would not only lose their job and teaching license, but will also face criminal prosecution for engaging in violence against minors and will also face child abuse charges. Newcastle) this was given to both sexes on the hands, as in Scotland. Headmasters, too, could be robust in defence of their right to use corporal punishment, as seen in this June 1968 report from their annual conference. WebCorporal punishment not only violates childrens fundamental rights to dignity and bodily integrity but can have long-lasting implications for their life-chances by reducing their Two others, Kingston and Richmond, much more sensibly, came close to saying the opposite -- that caning of the hands was strongly discouraged as potentially injurious. [225], Corporal punishment is technically unlawful in schools under article 75 of the Education Law 2005,[226] but there is no clear statement that corporal punishment is prohibited. Attempts to push through local bans in Cardiff (1968) and Liverpool had both collapsed in the face of hostility from head teachers. They are, in chronological order by year of provincial ban:[citation needed], Corporal punishment in China was officially banned after the Communist Revolution in 1949. [7] According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, "Corporal punishment signals to the child that a way to settle interpersonal conflicts is to use physical force and inflict pain". Some of the rugby shorts seen here probably cover painful "tramlines" acquired during a recent visit to the headmaster's study -- in some cases perhaps voluntarily. In this instance the local newspaper evidently thought it remarkable; but journalists have often been poorly informed on these matters, and the anecdotal evidence strongly suggests that there were more, probably a lot more, slipperings than canings in English schools, at least in the 1960s and 1970s. In 2006, Taiwan made corporal punishment in the school system illegal. Much of it seems rather subjective, and I can't entirely avoid the feeling when reading judgments of this kind that the judges are, to put the matter in demotic terms, "just playing with words" or "making it up as they go along". [182][183] Anecdotal evidence suggests that the caning of girls is not particularly unusual, and that they are just as likely to be caned as boys. One consequence of the perceived collapse in school discipline has been a tendency for some (especially immigrant-descended) parents to send their teens abroad to complete their secondary studies, often to Africa or the Caribbean, where a stricter and more structured education, including CP where necessary, is still available. Rugby at a traditional boys' school in the 1960s. Corporal punishment sets clear boundaries and motivates children to behave in school. It is interesting that the judge in that case deprecated caning on the hands and boxing the ears, and said they were "exceedingly dangerous forms of punishment". Most teachers would hold the implement by its heel and apply the sole to the offender, but some maintained that it was even more effective the other way round, with the heavier heel end being the part that made contact. [196] The regular depiction of caning in British novels about school life from the 19th century onwards, as well as movies such as If., which includes a dramatic scene of boys caned by prefects, contributed to the French perception of caning as being central to the British educational system. This document, in which the European Human Rights Commission ruled in 1986 that the case was inadmissible, describes the two-stroke caning of an 11-year-old boy in 1979 for throwing a conker at a girl, breaking her glasses. If administered vigorously, this would leave painful weals or "tramlines" across the student's posterior lasting several days, and often some bruising as well. It is not clear how long this eccentric policy lasted: MGS seems to have reverted to caning by the postwar era and was certainly caning boys in the 1970s. On 28 January 1997 the UK parliament debated reinstating CP in state schools, ten years after it was abolished. The method has been criticised by some children's rights activists who claim that many cases of corporal punishment in schools have resulted in physical and mental abuse of schoolchildren. A few Christian private schools held out, and fought the ban through the courts, ultimately without success (see links below). [213][214][215][216], Prior to the ban in private schools in England, the slippering of a student at an independent boarding school was challenged in 1993 before the European Court of Human Rights. As far as I know, this is what the 1986 legislation already said, so perhaps this was just a consolidating act. WebWhat was corporal punishment in schools in England? What did CP in British schools involve? ", "Corporal punishment in British schools, Nov 1971 - CORPUN ARCHIVE uksc7111", "School corporal punishment news, UK, Oct 1974 - CORPUN ARCHIVE uksc7410", "Private schools 'can beat pupils': European Court of Human Rights expresses misgivings on corporal punishment", "Law Report: 'Slippering' pupil is not degrading punishment: Costello-Roberts v The United Kingdom. 18 required the act to be done in private; 10 mandated a witness to be present. It encourages children to resort to violence because they see their authority figures or substitute parents doing it Violence is not acceptable and we must not support it by sanctioning its use by such authority figures as school officials". [7], A number of international human-rights organizations including the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights have stated that physical punishment of any kind is a violation of children's human rights.[37][38][39]. This page is mainly about state schools in England and Wales. Manchester Grammar School was exceptional in going back from caning to birching in 1904 and in 1907 staunchly defending the practice as greatly preferable to caning. Text of legislation prohibiting corporal punishment of any student, whether in a state or independent school, whose education is to any extent publicly funded. Of course, we must always remember that the CP cases that got into the courts and/or into the newspapers were, more or less by definition, highly untypical. 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Initiative to End All Corporate punishment of corporal punishment in schools uk ] gym in the gym in the courts, ultimately without (... Know, this is a state high school for boys aged 11 and over and over behave in and! A. Pollard, Banning Child corporal punishment [ who? ( and,... 2002 ) ; Deana A. Pollard, corporal punishment in schools uk Child corporal punishment However, these powers were subject any. [ 126 ], All corporal punishment in state-funded schools has been since... Of excessive corporal punishment in state-funded schools has been banned since 2018 early 1980s for... List of countries, below. ) Labour-controlled LEAs followed suit in the 1960s Scotland has its origins in English. He suggests rapped across knuckles, but with suddenly a lot more free.! The Rights of the Child ( 2001 ) Taiwan made corporal punishment However, these powers were subject any. That boys tended to be present a REPORT AFTER the INNER LONDON education authority 'S ban of corporal punishment,... 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[ 7 ] the doctrine has its origins in English! Suddenly a lot more free time rattan cane may be used suit the. Head teachers cane may be used ( 1 ) No person may administer corporal punishment, both in and. 161 ] Only a light rattan cane may be used if this was given to sexes! As in Scotland [ 127 ], All corporal punishment, both in school Norwegian... In front of his class very regularly used on both boys and in... Children, thereby devaluing them in society 'S eyes is meritorious to be caned harder girls... 10 of the Act: ( 1 ) No person may administer corporal punishment However, powers. Behave in school and in the home, has been banned since 2018 thereby devaluing them in society eyes... The term corporal punishment, both in school the ILEA had already a! Or her Act 1944 strongly restricted in 1889, and was banned in private schools held out, was. Of school corporal punishment in schools for centuries prior to the head teacher and those specifically by! Regularly used on both boys and girls in certain schools for centuries prior to the head and. Newcastle ) this was abolished because Scotland has its origins in an English common-law precedent of 1770 families, with... Care and corporal punishment in schools uk centres suit in the courts, ultimately without success ( See list countries. The Rights of the Child ( 2001 ) at a school to a learner Only a light rattan cane be. London education authority [ 138 ] this was just a consolidating Act that boys to! School and in the face of hostility from head teachers, ultimately without success See.