[83][84] Young and his counselors were again sustained unanimously by church members at a church conference in Salt Lake City in September 1850.[85]. Lucy was still married to William Seeley when Young married her. Brigham Young University. [8] This letter has yet to be found,[9] but accounts say that it asked Young what, if anything, should be done with the BakerFancher party camped at nearby Mountain Meadows. [170] His manuscript history from January 5, 1852, which was published in the Deseret News, reads: The negro . By the summer of 1877, Young's health was in decline, but he continued to play an active role in the Mormon church up until the end. . Reared in the famous Beehive House, Mrs. Spencer has carried with her through life the patient, loving influence of her parents. [6] At age twelve, he moved with his parents to the township of Genoa, close to Cayuga Lake. [103] Young said, "I hope to see an Academy established in Provo at which the children of the Latter-day Saints can receive a good education unmixed with the pernicious atheistic influences that are found in so many of the higher schools of the country. In this case, the "real message" would have been that the Indians should be left to "do as they please." The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. When Amelia became part of the Young family in January 1863, she did not immediately move in with her sister-wives. :200 When Young received word in July that federal troops were headed to Utah with his replacement, he called out his militia to ambush the federal force using delaying tactics. Alan Willson ran from his home in Worthing, West Sussex, after his son called him to say he was being attacked. Lee was arrested on November 7, 1874. The U.S. posted bounties of $500 each for the capture of Haight, Higbee, and Stewart, and prosecutors chose not to pursue their cases against Dame, Willden, and Adair. You must not meddle with them. [183][184][185], Brigham Young appears at the end of the bande dessine Le Fil qui chante, the last in the Lucky Luke series by Ren Goscinny. He was a brother of the Mormon prophet, Brigham Young (1801-1877). [112] In 1853, Young made the church's first official statement on the subject since the church had arrived in Utah. [177] A few of his wives served in administrative positions in the church, such as Zina Huntington and Eliza R. Snow. Klingensmith escaped prosecution by agreeing to testify against the others. The religion had undergone a period of intense conflict with non-Mormons in the American midwest, and faithful Mormons made solemn oaths to pray for vengeance upon those who killed the "prophets" including founder Joseph Smith, and more recently apostle Parley P. Pratt, who was murdered in April 1857 while traveling as a missionary in Arkansas. Acknowledged to be one of America's great colonizers, Brigham Young was also governor of Utah Territory from 1850 to 1858, superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1851 to 1858, a founder of about 350 communities in the far west, and founder of several score business enterprises. [58][59] Several claimants to the role of church president emerged during the succession crisis that ensued. . [95][96] Young said in an 1852 speech, "In as much as we believe in the Bible we must believe in slavery. He was initially skeptical on whether or not the school's administration would allow the speech but received a message of encouragement from the administrator who reviewed his speech, telling him it was great and to . [142] Buchanan accepted the reports of the Runaway Officials without any further investigation, and the new non-sectarian governor was appointed and sent to the new territory accompanied by 2,500 soldiers. A CONFESSION etched on a newly discovered lead sheet has shaken the Mormon Church by linking its revered leader, Brigham Young, with one of the worst massacres in American history. [82] Young named Heber C. Kimball as his first counselor and Willard Richards as his second. [121] The LDS Church has formally repudiated the doctrine as early as 1889,[122] and multiple times since the days of Young. Marisa Tafoya Media. [Joseph Smith] was succeeded by one of the outstanding organizers of the 19th century, Brigham Young. According to the doctrine, Adam was once a mortal man who became resurrected and exalted. These many attempts were frustrated, largely because of polygamy. Researchers compared young heart attack victims (<50 years vs. 40) using patient angiograms, a procedure that uses X-rays to see the heart's blood vessels and arteries. Which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch? As part of the Reformation, almost all "active" or involved LDS Church members were rebaptized as a symbol of their commitment. [110], Though polygamy was practiced by Young's predecessor, Joseph Smith,[111] the practice is often associated with Young. The status of four was unknown. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. Ronald K. Esplin, a Young biographer and president of the Brigham Young Center Foundation, points to the leader's remarks suggesting he may have had some kind of divine communication on that matter. . He joined the Masons in Nauvoo on April 7, 1842, and participated in an early endowment ritual led by Joseph Smith that May and became part of the Anointed Quorum. He also worked on the Kirtland Temple and went to a grammar school. Trumpeter Keyon . [139] The Reformation appeared to have ended completely by early 1858. We only index and link to content provided on other servers. It's been more than three weeks since the Norfolk Southern Railway train derailed in East Palestine, Ohio, leaking dangerous chemicals into the air, soil and water. Phineas Young was a printer; building contractor; and Mormon bishop, missionary, and pioneer. He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. [51] While in Nauvoo, he married Clarissa Decker, Clarissa Ross, Emily Dow Partidge, Louisa Beaman, Margaret Maria Alley, Emmeline Free, Margaret Piece, and Zina Diantha Huntington. [33] He oversaw the finishing of the Kirtland temple and spoke in tongues at its dedication in 1836. [109] During his tenure, Young oversaw construction of the Salt Lake Tabernacle and announced plans to build the St. George (1871), Manti (1875), and Logan (1877) temples. As a church leader, Brigham Young stood in marked contrast to his predecessor, the charismatic, idealistic, and theologically innovative Joseph Smith. [47] Young married Lucy Ann Decker in June 1842, making her his first plural wife. He used tobacco but did not drink alcohol. This blog is for preview purposes only and all music downloaded should be deleted within 24 hours. [114], One of the more controversial teachings of Young during the Mormon Reformation was the AdamGod doctrine. History of Brigham Young, entry dated 5 Jan. 1852, in Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDSCA. Crews are continuing cleanup of the area where hazardous materials including vinyl chloride, ethyl acrylate and isobutylene may have . John Turner's biography states: "it remains unclear whether Young [] had sanctioned the bogus-making operation. He was replaced as governor the following year by Alfred Cumming. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? It is alarming to see how intensely and openly the family is under attack in contemporary society. From another planet, Adam brought Eve, one of his wives, with him to the earth, where they became mortal by eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. The trailer hinted through his clenched fist and extreme headshot that they will resurface again. Was not referring to his death, just the stabbing. James H. Haslam, interview by S. A. Kenner, reported by Josiah Rogerson, 4 December 1884, typescript, 11, in Josiah Rogerson, Transcripts and Notes of John D. Lee Trials, LDS Church Archives. It is that selfless attitude that captured the hearts of . [92]:34, In 1851, Young and several federal officialsincluding territorial Secretary Broughton Harrisbecame unable to work cooperatively. [60] The majority in attendance voted that the Quorum of the Twelve was to lead the church. "John D. Lee Arrested". There are no other trains going south that I know of[.] Brigham Young clearly wasn't free of his ex-wife just yet. [48][49][50] Young was one of the first men in Nauvoo to practice polygamy, and he married more women than any other polygamist while in Nauvoo. Eventually, he decided to embrace the practice of his mentor, Joseph Smith, and he married as many as 56 women, according to Utah.gov. [21] Young and Kimball spent the summer following their baptism conducting missionary work in western New York, while Vilate Kimball cared for Young's family. [68] With the repealing of Nauvoo's charter in January 1845, church members in Nauvoo lost their courts, police, and militia, leaving them vulnerable to attacks by mobs. [8] Young reported having a strict Puritan-style Christian upbringing. [52] Young travelled east with Wilford Woodruff and George A. Smith from July to October 1843 on a mission to raise funds for the Nauvoo temple and its guesthouse. The Center for Family History and Genealogy was established at Brigham Young University in order to utilize BYU resources to simplify the process of finding of ancestors and the discovery of the world in which they lived. 25 and had the reputation of being his true love, much to the chagrin and mortification of the youthful Ann Eliza Webb Dee Young, No. He encouraged independence and self-sufficiency. Church historians. Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University. [144], The degree of Young's involvement in the Mountain Meadows massacre, which took place in Washington County in 1857, is disputed. Of the 23 who survived him, 17 received a share of his estate while the remaining 6 apparently had non conjugal roles. Brigham Young: Directed by Henry Hathaway. The incident occurred late Saturday afternoon at . [159][160] Young was dubbed by his followers the "Lion of the Lord" for his bold personality and commonly was called "Brother Brigham" by Latter-day Saints. [182] Some of Young's descendants have become leaders in the LDS Church, as well as prominent political and cultural figures. [190], Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., talking about his fondness of trees, joked in his The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table: "I call all trees mine that I have put my wedding-ring on, and I have as many tree-wives as Brigham Young has human ones."[191]. Brigham Young and William Smith discredited Brotherton's character, and Brotherton herself did not associate with the church afterwards. [42] Young proposed marriage to Martha Brotherton, who was seventeen years old at the time and had recently immigrated from Manchester, England. At Lee's sentencing, as required by Utah Territory statute, he was given the option of being hung, shot, or beheaded, and he chose to be shot. [61] Many of Young's followers stated in reminiscent accounts (the earliest in 1850 and the latest in 1920) that when Young spoke to the congregation, he looked or sounded exactly like Smith, which they attributed to the power of God. Brigham Young at Home is a valuable addition to the history of the home life of pioneer days. Young achieved greatest success in real estate. Brigham Young, ca 1850 Brigham Young was born June 1, 1801 in Whittingham, Vermont. DJ Ferguson's family say he was first on the list to receive the transplant at Brigham and Women's Hospital but he is no longer eligible because of his vaccination status, CBS Boston. In the story line, the Tugwell family, Jason (Ben Cooper), Ellie (Emily Banks), and Mary (Erin Moran), are abandoned by their guide while on a wagon train from Utah to California. Young organized the journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846, before continuing on to the Salt Lake Valley. The ninth of twelve children, Brigham was born into a life full of work. Wagonmaster Luke Winner (Morgan Woodward) feels compelled to leave the instrument behind until Ridges finds solid rock under the sand. [24] Lee was executed by firing squad at Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877. He then stayed for a short time in Dublin, Indiana with his brother Lorenzo before moving to Far West, Missouri in 1838. [3] Young's use of inflammatory and violent language[4] in response to a federal expedition to the territory (known as the Utah War) added to the tense atmosphere at the time of the attack. [43] Young served another mission to the Eastern seaboard. During the period just before the massacre, known as the Mormon Reformation, Mormon teachings were dramatic and strident. On September 8, 1857, Captain Stewart Van Vliet, of the US Army Quartermaster Corps, arrived in Salt Lake City. [193], Gregg Henry depicts Young in the fourth (2014) and fifth (2015) seasons of the TV series Hell on Wheels, a fictional story about the construction of the First transcontinental railroad. A bronze marker was placed at the grave site June 10, 1938, by members of the Young Men and Young Women organizations, which he founded. [31][32] In August 1835, Young and the rest of the Quorum of the Twelve issued a testimony in support of the divine origin of the Doctrine and Covenants. . [16] In 1831, five missionaries of the Latter Day Saint movementEleazer Miller, Elial Strong, Alpheus Gifford, Enos Curtis, and Daniel Bowencame from the branch of the church in Columbia, Pennsylvania to preach in Mendon. She has been placed on indefinite suspension for her actions, which include punching another . The horror of rape or sexual assault is traumatizing enough for any victim. [94], Young supported slavery and its expansion into Utah, and led the efforts to legalize and regulate slavery in the 1852 Act in Relation to Service, based on his beliefs on slavery. [7], On September 10, 1857, James Holt Haslam arrived in Salt Lake City, after experiencing long delays during his nearly 300-mile journey, to deliver a message to Young from the acting commander of the Iron County Brigade, Isaac C. [175], Sources have varied on the number of Young's wives, as well as their ages. By 1870, it had all but disappeared from use.[108]. Within months, Harris and the others departed their Utah appointments without replacements being named, and their posts remained unfilled for the next two years. He married -- was sealed to, in Mormon parlance -- young (Clarissa Decker, 15) and old (Hannah Tapfield King, 65). Young's siblings and their spouses were baptized that year or the year afterwards. [91] It was established on February 28, 1850, as the University of Deseret; its name was eventually changed to the University of Utah. Brigham Young was probably the most oft-married man in 19th-century America. There is no debate concerning the involvement of individual Mormons from the surrounding communities by scholars. This is due to differences in what scholars have considered to be a "wife". Brooks has argued the massacre was an overreaction by Mormon militia forces which resulted in the death of settlers and the tarnishing of the Church's reputation. From the time Spencer Cox announced his run for governor, he made it clear he was running with his wife. "In regard to emigrating trains arriving and passing through our settlements," he wrote in a letter designed to restore calm in Southern Utah, "We must not interfere with them." [147], Before his death in Salt Lake City on August 29, 1877,[148] Young was suffering from cholera morbus and inflammation of the bowels. [36] He then returned to Kirtland where he remained until dissenters, unhappy with the failure of the Kirtland Safety Society, forced him to flee the community in December 1837. [22] During the visit, Brigham spoke in a tongue that Smith identified as the "Adamic language". At the north end of the Beehive House was a family store, at which Young's wives and children had running accounts and could buy what they needed. [75] Two days after their arrival, Young and the Twelve Apostles climbed the peak just north of the city and raised the American flag, calling it the "Ensign of Liberty. Thereby the Mormons became the most important single agency in colonizing that vast arid West between the Rockies and the Sierra Nevada. Latter-day Saints imagine Brigham Young as a commanding theocrat, who mobilized a crestfallen and beleaguered people after the death of their prophet-founder, who led them on an epic exodus. (Brigham Young was mistaken when he later testified that the meeting took place "some two of three months after the massacre" Young 1875.) Later, as Young is generally understood to have taught, Adam returned to the earth to become the biological father of Jesus. Wikimedia Commons. The LDS Church's Doctrine and Covenants contains one section from Young that has been canonized as scripture, added in 1876. [7] Young moved to Auburn, New York where he was an apprentice to John C. Jeffries. Brigham Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont, to John and Abigail Young. During the 30 years between the Mormons' arrival in Utah in 1847 and [his death in] 1877, Young directed the founding of 350 towns in the Southwest. The practice of plural marriage brought first heavy persecution and then legislation against the Saints. Though he himself was hundreds of miles away, the literal hour struck for Brigham Young at Carthage Jail precisely at "5 o'clock, 16 minutes, and 26 seconds" on the afternoon of June 27, 1844. Mormon historian Juanita Brooks believes that the letter demonstrates that Young "did not order the massacre, and would have prevented it if he could. Upon joining the Methodists, he insisted on being baptized by immersion rather than by their normal practice of sprinkling. Young supported her and her two children while they lived in their own home in Nauvoo. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. On many occasions, Young taught that blacks were denied the priesthood because they were "the seed of Cain. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. "[76], Upon being asked why he chose for them to settle in the Salt Lake Valley, Young stated: "We have been kicked out of the frying-pan into the fire, out of the fire into the middle of the floor, and here we are and here we will stay. Conditions Governing Access. On this mission he visited the family of his aunt, Rhoda Howe Richards. [25][26] Prior to his execution, Lee claimed that he was a scapegoat for others involved: I have always believed, since that day, that General George A. Smith was then visiting Southern Utah to prepare the people for the work of exterminating Captain Fancher's train of emigrants, and I now believe that he was sent for that purpose by the direct command of Brigham Young. This blog does not store any files on its server. Provo, UT 84602, USA 801 . Matthew Easton, a 24-year-old political science major, told an audience of thousands, "I'm not broken." [79] Young spent just over a month in the Valley recovering from mountain fever before returning to Winter Quarters on August 31. Young had a somewhat mixed view of slavery which historian John G. Turner called a "bundle of contradictions". [15] Bagley notes that Young often started his letters with broad generalizations with little meaning and then conceal the main message in one or two terse sentences in the middle of the text. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The study included a total of 2,097 young patients (<50 years) admitted for a heart attack in two large hospitals. "[77], Among Young's first acts upon arriving in the valley were the naming of the city as "The City of the Great Salt Lake" and its organization into blocks of ten acres, each divided into eight equal-sized lots. The 46-year-old was taken to the Royal Sussex County Hospital in Brighton, where he . Memorials to Young include a bronze statue in front of the Abraham O. Smoot Administration Building, Brigham Young University; a marble statue in the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol, donated by the State of Utah in 1950;[162] and a statue atop the This is the Place Monument in Salt Lake City. This video is private Watch on My dear brothers and sisters, Wendy and I have looked forward to being with you today. [24] In May 1834, Young became a member of Zion's Camp, and traveled to Missouri and returned to Kirtland with members of the camp in August. Young was involved in temple building throughout his membership in the LDS Church, making it a priority during his time as church president. Sanborn, Rhoda Mabel Young, 1863-1950 (Person) Language of Materials. "[9], Young married Miriam Angeline Works, whom he had met in Port Byron in October 1824. Harriet Amelia Folsom was Wife No. 57-70 Haight. Only children under the age of seven, who were cared for by local Mormon families, survived, and the murdered members of the wagon train were left unburied. He was later joined by his family and by other members of the church in Missouri. The Mountain Meadows Massacre victimized several groups of emigrants from the northwestern Arkansas region who had started their treks to California in early 1857, joining along the way and becoming known as the BakerFancher party. More of the Story Brigham Young was born in Whitingham, Vermont, on June 1, 1801. While there, Young's father remarried to a widow named Hannah Brown, and sent Young off to learn a trade. Young was Utah's territorial governor from 1851 to 1858. [18] A few days after the massacre, September 29, 1857, Lee briefed Young in Salt Lake City. Here he became acquainted with Mary Ann Angell, a convert to the faith from Rhode Island, and the two were married in February 1834 and obtained a marriage certificate on March 31, 1834. Young petitioned the U.S. Congress to create the State of Deseret. [44], During his time in Nauvoo, Joseph Smith introduced the doctrine of plural marriage among church leaders. Sidney Rigdon, the senior surviving member of the church's First Presidency, argued there could be no successor to the deceased prophet and that he should stay Joseph's "spokesman" and become guardian of the church. [115][116][117] The LDS Church has since repudiated the AdamGod doctrine. But for multiple young women at Brigham Young University, they claim they received backlash . The decree of God that Canaan should be a servant of servants unto his brethren (i.e., Shem and Japhet [sic]) is in full force. [186], The Scottish poet John Lyon, who was an intimate friend of Young, wrote Brigham the Bold in tribute to him after his death.[187][188]. "Territorial Dispatches: the Sentence of Lee", Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows massacre, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Mountain Meadows massacre and Mormon theology, "Brigham Young, 2nd President of the Church", "Deposition of Brigham Young Regarding the Mountain Meadows Massacre July 30, 1875", Tragedy at Mountain Meadows Massacre: Toward a Consensus Account and Time Line, Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows, "Loose in the stacks, a half-century with the Utah War and its legacy", "The Mountain Meadows Massacre: An Analytical Narrative Based on Participant Confessions", "Visit of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs to Southern Utah", "Horrible Massacre of Arkansas and Missouri Emigrants", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young_and_the_Mountain_Meadows_Massacre&oldid=1124726578, Books about presidents of the church (LDS Church), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 November 2022, at 05:21. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. [171], On this topic, Young wrote: "They have not wisdom to act like white men. Joe . Ann Eliza Young was part of a larger anti-polygamy movement. In 1844, after the assassination of Mormon leader Joseph Smith by an angry mob in Illinois, the Mormons choose Brigham Young as their new leader and follow him to a new promised land in Utah. [citation needed], In the 2011 musical The Book of Mormon, Young is portrayed as a tyrannical American regional warlord, cursed by God to have a clitoris for a nosea parable cautioning against female genital mutilation. Brigham left Auburn in the spring of 1823 to work in Port Byron, New York, where he repaired furniture and painted canal boats. However, Young later testified that he cut Lee off when he started to describe the massacre because he could not bear to hear the details. [167][168][169] There is also evidence to suggest Young believed in the racial superiority of white men. In the early 1850s, he expressed some support for the antislavery "free soil" position in American politics,[164] and in January 1852, he declared in a speech that "no property can or should be recognized as existing in slaves", suggesting opposition to the existence of slavery. Dates. There he showed a talent for organizing the church's work and maintaining good relationships with Joseph Smith and the other apostles. Byron Morrow played Young in a cameo appearance in the Death Valley Days 1966 episode "An Organ for Brother Brigham". Some Latter Day Saint denominations, such as the Community of Christ, consider Young the "Father of Mormon Polygamy". 27 on the list. Over the course of his nearly 40 years teaching at Brigham Young, Mr. Woodworth has served as an adviser for unofficial student beard clubs on several occasions. [4], Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont. Many cities and towns in Utah, and some in neighboring states, were founded under Young's direction. Young informed Van Vliet that he was skeptical that the army's intentions were peaceful and that the Mormons intended to resist occupation. According to the record, Alma the Younger was "a very wicked and an idolatrous man. Young had many nicknames during his lifetime, among the most popular being "American Moses"[156] (alternatively, "Modern Moses" or "Mormon Moses"),[157][158] because, like the biblical figure, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, in an exodus through a desert, to what they saw as a promised land. On Sept. 11, 1857, a group of California-bound pioneers camping in southern Utah were murdered by a Mormon militia and its Indian allies. For two years, the monument stood as a memorial to those travelling the Spanish Trail through Mountain Meadow. He died of appendicitis in August of 1877. Mrs. Lawton was the second of the ten Alexander children, of whom the sixth was the late Gen. Edward Porter Alexander, chief of artillery, Longstreet's Corps, C. S. A., president . [118], Young also taught the doctrine of blood atonement, in which the atonement of Jesus cannot redeem an eternal sin, which included apostasy, theft, fornication (but not sodomy), or adultery. At the time of his death on August 23, 1877, Young had married 56 women-19 predeceased him, 10 divorced him, 23 survived him, and 4 are unaccounted for. [177] There were fifty-six women who Young was sealed to during his lifetime. Arthur Conan Doyle based his first Sherlock Holmes novel, A Study in Scarlet, on Mormon history, mentioning Young by name. The Love and Laws of God By President Russell M. Nelson ,, An address given at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, on September 17, 2019. Under his leadership, members in the United Kingdom began publishing Millennial Star, a hymnal, and a new edition of the Book of Mormon. A church conference held in Iowa sustained Young and his First Presidency on December 27, 1847. In Mendon, Young first became acquainted with Heber C. Kimball, an early member of the LDS Church. [145] Leonard J. Arrington reports that Young received a rider at his office on the day of the massacre, and that when he learned of the contemplated attack by members of the church in Parowan and Cedar City, he sent back a letter directing that the Fancher party be allowed to pass through the territory unmolested. This was partly experienced when Young traveled with his wife, Miriam, and Heber C. Kimball to visit the branch of the church in Columbia. Carter. Haight and Dame were also the senior regional military leaders of the Mormon militia. If only they wanted it. 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